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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use</title>
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  13.     <meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
  14. <meta content="Armstrong, J.D." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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  25. <meta content="Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of
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  30. <meta content="Salmo salar; social status; territory" name="eprints.keywords" />
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  32. <meta content="Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory
  33. freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects
  34. on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were
  35. conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years.
  36. The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and
  37. then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag
  38. detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank,
  39. space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group
  40. were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH
  41. stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the
  42. relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated
  43. increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of
  44. the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew
  45. fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit
  46. movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their
  47. rate of short-distance (<2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of
  48. home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response
  49. to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home
  50. range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of
  51. whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to
  52. carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment
  53. without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are
  54. interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a
  55. highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased
  56. foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the
  57. extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild
  58. Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced
  59. domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior." name="eprints.abstract" />
  60. <meta content="2004-12" name="eprints.date" />
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  62. <meta content="Journal of Fish Biology" name="eprints.publication" />
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  64. <meta content="Supplement A" name="eprints.number" />
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  66. <meta content="10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00542.x" name="eprints.id_number" />
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  70. <meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x" name="eprints.official_url" />
  71. <meta content="Arendt, J. D. (1997). Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: An integration across taxa.
  72. Quarterly Review of Biology 72, 149-177.
  73. Armstrong, J. D., Braithwaite, V. A. &amp; Huntingford, F. A. (1997). Spatial strategies of
  74. wild Atlantic salmon parr: exploration and settlement in unfamiliar areas. Journal
  75. of Animal Ecology 66, 203-211.
  76. Armstrong, J. D., Huntingford, F. A. &amp; Herbert, N. A. (1999). Individual space use
  77. strategies of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 55, 1201-1212.
  78. doi: 10.1006/jfbi.1999.1126
  79. Bjornsson, B. Th. (1997). The biology of salmon growth hormone: from daylight to
  80. dominance. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 17, 9-24.
  81. Bjornsson, B. Th., Johansson, V., Benedet, S., Einarsdottir, I. E., Hildahl, J., Agustsson,
  82. T. &amp; Jonsson. E. (2004). Growth hormone endocrinology of salmonids: regulatory
  83. mechanisms and mode of action. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 27, 227-242.
  84. Bradbury, J. W. &amp; Vehrencamp, S. L. (1998). Principles of Animal Communication.
  85. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.
  86. Buck, R. J. G. &amp; Hay, D. W. (1984). The relation between stock size and progeny of
  87. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a Scottish stream. Journal of Fish Biology 23,
  88. 1-11.
  89. Deverill, J. I., Adams, C. E. &amp; Bean, C. W. (1999). Prior residence, aggression and
  90. territory acquisition in hatchery-reared and wild brown trout. Journal of Fish
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  94. Egglishaw, H. J.&amp; Shackley, P. E. (1977).Growth, survival and production of juvenile salmon
  95. and trout in a Scottish stream. 1966-1975. Journal of Fish Biology 11, 647-672.
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  103. life-history tactics as potential vehicles for speeding introgression of farm salmon
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  113. hormone-induced elevation in routine metabolism of juvenile Atlantic salmon is a
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  121. the wild. Functional Ecology 15, 654-659.
  122. Johnsson, J. I. &amp; Forser, A. (2002). Residence duration influences the outcome
  123. of territorial conflicts in brown trout (Salmo trutta). Behavior Ecology and
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  125. Johnsson, J. I., Petersson, E., Jonsson, E., Bjornsson, B. Th. &amp; Jarvi, T. (1996).
  126. Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth
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  144. review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, 619-640.
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  146. Atlantic salmon correlate with activity and sex but not dominance. Journal of
  147. Animal Ecology 71, 413-423.
  148. McGinnity, P., Prodohl, P., Ferguson, A., Hynes, R., O Maoileidigh, N., Baker, N.,
  149. Cotter, D., O'Hea, B., Cooke, D., Rogan, G., Taggart, J. &amp; Cross, T. (2003).
  150. Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. Proceedings of
  151. the Royal Society of London B 270, 2443-2450.
  152. Metcalfe, N. B. &amp; Monaghan, P. (2001). Compensation for a bad start: grow now, pay
  153. later? Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution 16, 254-260.
  154. Metcalfe, N. B., Huntingford, F. A., Graham, W. D. &amp; Thorpe, J. E. (1989). Early
  155. social status and the development of life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon.
  156. Proceedings of The Royal Society of London B 236, 7-19.
  157. Metcalfe, N. B., Taylor, A. C. &amp; Thorpe, J. E. (1995). Metabolic rate, social status and life
  158. history strategies in Atlantic salmon. Animal Behaviour 49, 431-436.
  159. Morgan, I. J. &amp; Metcalfe, N. B. (2001). Deferred costs of compensatory growth after
  160. autumnal food shortage in juvenile salmon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
  161. London B 268, 295-301.
  162. Moss, R., Parr, R. &amp; Lambin, X. (1994). Effects of testosterone on breeding density,
  163. breeding success and survival of red grouse. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
  164. London B 258, 175-180.
  165. Nakano, S. (1995). Individual differences in resource use, growth and emigration under
  166. the influence of a dominance hierarchy in fluvial red-spotted masu salmon in a
  167. natural habitat. Journal of Animal Ecology 64, 75-84.
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  169. behavior and growth rates in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Behavioral
  170. Ecology 11, 13-18.
  171. Orpwood, J. E., Griffith, S. W. &amp; Armstrong, J. D. (2003). Effects of size on sympatric
  172. shelter use in overwintering salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology 63 (Suppl. A),
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  175. by Country Progress Report. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund.
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  180. Chapman &amp; Hall.
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  182. of animals in variable environments. Animal Behaviour 58, 113-120.
  183. Steingrimsson, S. O. &amp; Grant, J. W. A. (1999). Allometry of territory size and metabolic
  184. rate as predictors of self-thinning in young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon. Journal of
  185. Animal Ecology 68, 17-26.
  186. Weber, E. D. &amp; Fausch, K. D. (2003). Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids
  187. in streams: differences in biology and evidence for competition. Canadian Journal
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  192. Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis, 4th edn. Harlow: Pearson Educational." name="eprints.referencetext" />
  193. <meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M. and Armstrong, J.D. and Johnsson, J.I. and Bjornsson, B.Th. (2004) Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use. Journal of Fish Biology, 65 (Supplement A). pp. 156-172. ISSN 0022-1112" name="eprints.citation" />
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  202. <meta content="270701 Freshwater Ecology" name="DC.subject" />
  203. <meta content="Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory
  204. freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects
  205. on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were
  206. conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years.
  207. The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and
  208. then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag
  209. detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank,
  210. space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group
  211. were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH
  212. stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the
  213. relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated
  214. increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of
  215. the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew
  216. fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit
  217. movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their
  218. rate of short-distance (<2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of
  219. home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response
  220. to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home
  221. range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of
  222. whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to
  223. carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment
  224. without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are
  225. interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a
  226. highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased
  227. foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the
  228. extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild
  229. Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced
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  344.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use</h1>
  345.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Martin-Smith, Keith M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Armstrong, J.D.</span> and <span class="person_name">Johnsson, J.I.</span> and <span class="person_name">Bjornsson, B.Th.</span> (2004) <xhtml:em>Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use.</xhtml:em> Journal of Fish Biology, 65 (Supplement A). pp. 156-172. ISSN 0022-1112</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2004b.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/882/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2004b.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />189Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00542.x</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory
  346. freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects
  347. on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were
  348. conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years.
  349. The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and
  350. then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag
  351. detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank,
  352. space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group
  353. were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH
  354. stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the
  355. relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated
  356. increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of
  357. the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew
  358. fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit
  359. movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their
  360. rate of short-distance (&lt;2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of
  361. home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response
  362. to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home
  363. range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of
  364. whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to
  365. carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment
  366. without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are
  367. interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a
  368. highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased
  369. foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the
  370. extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild
  371. Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced
  372. domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Salmo salar; social status; territory</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270701.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270701 Freshwater Ecology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">882</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Keith Martin-Smith</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">27 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=882;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=882">item control page</a></p>
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